Campaign against ready made food, Stop ready meals and foodborne diseases |
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Ready Meals and Biogenic AminesS
BIOGENIC AMINES are organic bases usually produced by decarboxylation of amino acids or amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.
Some BAs are involved in local immune response, acting as neurotransmitters and regulate functions in the gut.
In the forthcoming research projects (to be published on this website) we will describe
Histamine, Tyramine, Putrescine, Spermidine, Spermine, Serotonine, Dopamine, Phenylethylamine, Tryptamine, Octopmine, etc. in detail.
The classical biogenic amines (serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and histamine) play important roles as neuromodulators. Imbalances will alter brain functions and in the case of histamines and other trace amines the imbalance will also cause problems in the intestines.
For several decades, neurochemists and pharmacologists have appreciated that in addition a series of less well characterized amines derived from the metabolism of amino acids are also present in many tissues of the body. (1) A diet rich in these amines can cause migraines, gut problems – incl. IBS-RS, asthma, high blood pressure, and urticaria.
Phenylethylamine is connected with phenylketonuria, migraine, schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, Tyramine with migraine, hypertension, Parkinsonism, depression and is a problem for patients who take MAOI drugs. (Mono-amine-oxidase inhibitors).
Histamines are produced by enterobacteriaceae. In fermented products such as wine, cheese, kimchi, sauerkraut and fish-sauce it is produced by Gram-positive lactic cid bacteria, while in raw fish products histamines are produced by Gram-negative bacteria such as Morganella morganii or Klebsiella species. During the decomposition of fish such as tuna or mackerel, histamine forms in significant amounts do to bacterial decarboxylation of histidine present in the muscle tissue ( 2)
to be continued soon
1 Richard T. Premont, Raul R. Gainetdinov, and Marc G. Caron. 2003. Following The Trace Of Elusive Amines. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710
2 Yoshimagu, D.H. and H. A. Frank. 1982. Histamine-producing bacteria in decomposing skipjack tuna. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. |
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